What Is the Definition of Matter in Physics

Matter has many definitions, but the most common is that it is any substance which has mass and occupies space. All physical objects are composed of matter, in the form of atoms, which are in turn composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The idea that matter consisted of building blocks or particles originated with the Greek philosophers Democritus (470-380 BC) and Leucippus (490 BC). Examples of Matter (and What Isnt Matter) Matter is built from atoms. The most basic atom, the isotope of hydrogen known as protium, is a single proton. So, although subatomic particles arent always considered forms of matter by some scientists, you could consider Protium to be the exception. Some people consider electrons and neutrons to also be forms of matter.  Otherwise, any substance built of atoms consists of matter. Examples include: Atoms (hydrogen, helium, californium, uranium)Molecules (water, ozone, nitrogen gas, sucrose)Ions (Ca2, SO42-)Polymers and Macromolecules (cellulose, chitin, proteins, DNA)Mixtures (oil and water, salt and sand, air)Complex Forms (a chair, a planet, a ball) While protons, neutrons, and electrons are the building blocks of atoms, these particles are themselves based on fermions. Quarks and leptons typically arent considered forms of matter, although they do fit certain definitions of the term. At most levels, its simplest to state simply that matter consists of atoms. Antimatter is still matter, although the particles annihilate ordinary matter when they contact each other. Antimatter exists naturally on Earth, although in extremely small quantities. Then, there are things that either have no mass or at least have no rest mass.  Things that are not matter include: LightSoundHeatThoughtsDreamsEmotions Photons have no mass, so they are an example of something in physics that is not comprised of matter. They are also not considered objects in the traditional sense, as they cannot exist in a stationary state. Phases of Matter Matter can exist in various phases: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma. Most substances can transition between these phases based on the amount of heat the material absorbs (or loses). There are additional states or phases of matter, including Bose-Einstein condensates, fermionic condensates, and quark-gluon plasma. Matter Versus Mass Note that while matter has mass, and massive objects contain matter, the two terms are not exactly synonymous, at least in physics. Matter is not conserved, while mass is conserved in closed systems. According to the theory of special relativity, matter in a closed system may disappear. Mass, on the other hand, may never have been created nor destroyed, although it can be converted into energy. The sum of mass and energy remains constant in a closed system. In physics, one way to distinguish between mass and matter is to define matter as a substance consisting of particles that exhibit rest mass. Even so, in physics and chemistry, matter exhibits wave-particle duality, so it has properties of both waves and particles.

Does Violence Affect Children - 1384 Words

Jacob Cleland Composition 2 Wolcott 20 April 2016 Does Violence in Media Affect Children? Violence is an increasing problem in today’s society. An act of violence can hold major consequences for society. With increased access to firearms and explosives in today’s society, it is important to know what exactly can cause a child to become violent in the present and later on in his or her life. Many variables are involved when children are growing up that may lead them to become more violent. These variables are poverty, family psychopathology (mental disorders), if the child is abused, their exposure to violence in their community and environment, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders (Beresin). Another variable, violence in the media,†¦show more content†¦Beresin states that over half of all children in America have a television in their own room. This can lead to children viewing television programs without their parents’ supervision. Studies have found that the typical American child will view over 200,000 acts of violence, including over 16,000 murders before they turn 18 (Beresin). Beresin found that television programs show about 812 acts of violence per hour. He also found that even children’s programming displays up to 20 acts of violence per hour. I believe that these are very high numbers, and need to be regulated especially on children’s programming. According to the American Psychological Association (APA), 97 percent of adolescents age 12-17, play video games, and those who play everyday, play for at least one hour a day. Video games raised more questions about how children are impacted by violent media, because a child is immersed into the game as an active participant. But how do hours of violent television and video gaming result in aggressive and violent behavior? According to the American Psychological Association, children can become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others. The APA states, â€Å"Exposure to media can desensitize peopl e to violence in the real world and that, for some people, watching violence in the media becomes enjoyable and does not result in the anxious arousal that would be expected from seeing such imagery.† This is because

Unrestricted National Medicare Fraud Alert Essay Research free essay sample

Unrestricted National Medicare Fraud Alert Essay, Research Paper Unrestricted National Medicare Fraud Alert ( UMFA 9802, issued June 9, 1998 ) REVISED October 6, 1998 ( Revisions are Shown in Italics ) : Charge for Services Not Rendered or Not Medically Necessary ; Upcoding ( Billing for Powered Wheelchairs and Delivering Power Operated Vehicles ( POVs ) ) ; and Exchanging Power Wheelchairs for POVs After the Wheelchairs Were Paid. DME companies are utilizing three mechanisms to obtain inappropriate reimbursement for power vehicles, chiefly for donees in Florida. The three mechanisms are: 1. They ( the DME companies ) measure for services non rendered or non medically necessary ; or 2. They deliver a POV ( scooter ) and measure for a power wheelchair ; or 3. They deliver and measure for a power wheelchair, and after having payment travel back to the donee and exchange it for a POV. The primary AK @ codifications looking were # 8211 ; K0011, K0021, K0031, K0034, K0067, K0073, K0081, and K0086. All these codifications appeared in the beneficiaries= EOMBs. Codes E0192, E1399, and L0700 were billed in different combinations with the above AK @ pod Beginning: www.hcfa.gov/medicare/fraud/9802A.HTM These companies were subjecting a big figure of claims for CPT Code 93268 # 8211 ; transtelephonic arrhythmia monitoring trial and for the undermentioned scope of codifications from 93270 # 8211 ; 93272, 93012-93014 and codifications G0004-G0016. When 93268 is billed, 93270, 93271 and/or 93272 should non be billed. These companies were besides under probe for subjecting deceitful claims for surgical dressings and incontinency supplies. Contractors should look for the followers: ? Claims for legion donees shacking at the same reference. ? # 8220 ; Impossible day of the month of service scenarios # 8221 ; such as a supplier rendering volumes of services which seem potentially impossible. ? Doctors who work for the providers and donees that reside outside of the bearer legal power. ? Doctors who make no other visual aspect in the donees histories other than being the telling doctors on the IPL # 8217 ; s claims. ? Multiple bearers paying for the same donees. Beginning: www.hcfa.gov/medicare/fraud/9704A.HTM List of Medicare Fraud Alerts The Health Care Financing Administration ( HCFA ) issues a fraud qui vive when it has identified an evident Medicare cozenage or deceitful strategy, which is runing in multiple States. Alerts are appropriate if the strategy represents a potentially important loss in dollars to Medicare or poses a menace to patient wellness or safety. HCFA issues qui vives to all Medicare fraud units, federal and selected State jurisprudence enforcement bureaus, and as appropriate, supplier and beneficiary groups. The intent of the qui vives is to enable Medicare, its suppliers, and its plan donees to protect themselves from deceitful strategies. There are two categorizations for fraud qui vives, Unrestricted and Restricted. The unrestricted qui vives supply detailed information on the strategy but they do non place specific suppliers thought to be involved in the operation of the strategy. Restricted qui vives depict the strategy and stipulate suspected suppliers and entities. Because the names of suppliers under probe are non disclosable, we delete all provider-identifying information from the text of the qui vive. Beginning: www.hcfa.gov/medicare/fraud/UMFA2.HTM Health Care Financing Administration National Fraud, Waste and Abuse Conference March 17, 1998 Summary of Major Themes* Disclaimer: The statements included in the undermentioned conference proceedings are from a assortment of beginnings and are non needfully endorsed by the Health Care Financing Administration. Futhermore, the transcript part of the proceedings has non been edited. Best Practices Prevention ? Improve supplier registration processes: O usage site visits to verify supplier references O in individual application procedure o supplier application signifiers should be consistent across the state, and should be developed in audience with U.S. Attorney=s office to see that false statements on application signifiers can be prosecuted O require suppliers to sporadically describe on employees and fiscal angels o utilize credentialing as a gatekeeper to the plan o follow new suppliers for a certain period of clip # 8211 ; watch their charge forms ? Promote instruction: O donees need to be educated about plan and fraud issues ; happen best vehicles in each community ( for illustration, country units on aging, protagonism groups, clergy, etc. ) o mark peculiarly vulnerable beneficiary populations, such as immigrant groups o Explanation of Medicare Benefits ( EOMBs ) need to be sent out in a more timely manner o all Medicaid donees should have EOMB type statements and be encouraged to reexamine for incompatibilities with attention proviso o more provider instruction, including better communicating of policies O aid donees understand that turn toing fraud should non cut down entree to legalize medical services ? Encourage and support development of corporate conformity plans: o more consistent counsel and reading from HCFA and oversight groups about proper patterns ( for illustration, certification ) ? Promote administrative simplification: Os make Medicare and Medicaid regulations easier for donees and suppliers to understand o do it easier for donees to inquire inquiries, study fraud P > ? Zero tolerance policy for fraud: o a nothing tolerance message needs to be enforced and emphasized throughout the supplier community every bit good as authorities. ? Change contractor inducements: O historically, contractors primary inducements were to pay claims rapidly and expeditiously. Change incentives to promote and back up fraud and maltreatment sensing. ? Promote a # 8216 ; fright # 8217 ; of prosecution and penalty for unscrupulous suppliers: o publicise the penalties to accomplish a lookout consequence o need to make a fright of being detected ; random on site aggressive reappraisals. o good focussed random reappraisals and audits. O unheralded hearer visits ? Eliminate supplier fright and Foster ability for honest suppliers to make what # 8217 ; s right: o educational reappraisal ; Aforgive @ past evildoings # 8212 ; declare past evildoings Aoff the tabular array @ and allow organisations look frontward o engage suppliers in patroling their ain ? Initiate Administrative Law Judge ( ALJ ) reform: o alteration ordinances to cut down improper reversals Detection Foster beneficiary engagement: aid donees to maintain path of the services they receive by necessitating doctors to supply a elaborate reception at the clip of service ( Aimmunization record @ construct ) Develop single, alone supplier figure: critical in order to observe multiple charge Develop and usage package: demands to be betterments to catch aberrances # 8212 ; expression for big additions in outgos and volume over short periods of clip or in little geographic countries ; uniform informations an package to turn to cozenages and opprobrious actions in Areal clip @ and across geographic and service countries Use more computing machine edits: Medicaid experience is that Medicaid is acquiring taken for things that simple edits would hold prevented Develop and utilize normative criterions Coordinate best patterns with spouses: both private and public wellness insurance companies should be able to portion information Conduct more informations analysis: habitue excavation of informations to look for tendencies, profile suppliers, Aspikes @ in charge Reconcile Privacy Act issues: may necessitate to re-examine the Privacy Act, peculiarly related to informations sharing and information sharing targeted at forestalling and observing fraud and maltreatment Enforcement Improve and germinate enforcement attempts and tools: implement mechanisms for private entities to be able to take deceitful suppliers or Abad histrions @ to tribunal and supplement the federal authorities provide fraud preparation for donees and suppliers sentencing guidelines need to be re-evaluated: addition penalty for misdemeanors # 8212 ; longer gaol sentences, higher pecuniary punishments ; penalty should be equal to the offense alteration attack to prosecuting white collar offense ; fact-finding procedures should be more intense # 8212 ; similar to other types of offense promote a more consistent attack to developing and prosecuting wellness attention fraud instances Coordination Promote and surrogate communicating: addition communicating between and among donees, protagonism groups, suppliers and authorities ( province and federal ) engage suppliers to educate donees contract with protagonism groups to educate donees terminal Aturf battles @ among bureaus allow equal reappraisal organisations, bearers, and financial mediators to keep meetings without necessitating HCFA blessing Future Deductions Future Challenges Expansion of preventive services Have a clear distinction of all the footings # 8212 ; fraud, waste, and maltreatment # 8212 ; and we need different schemes to turn to each one. Our engineering has to be able to distinguish between fraud, waste, and maltreatment. Law enforcement schemes besides should be differentiated in turn toing these three countries. Be cognizant of the extent that fraud and maltreatment attempts impact quality of patient attention Work to remain abreast of the rapid alterations in technologically based fraud Increase partnering with suppliers Find consensus and purchase in on the jobs # 8211 ; possibly use the Medicare Commission as a vehicle for treatment Connect fraud, waste, and maltreatment to quality issues, but will hold to turn to the political relations of this Work to cut down the predictability of audit plans. Predictability makes it easy to Afly under our radio detection and ranging @ Allow clip to heighten our work force # 8212 ; need preparation and instruction and outlook that consequences may come subsequently Define, prevent and detect fraud, waste, and maltreatment in managed attention Develop ways to objectively and quantitatively evaluate contractors Build trust with suppliers and donees Acquire and retain more and most appropriate resources ( financess and forces ) to battle fraud and maltreatment Resolve ALJ and entreaties procedure issues Schemes Increase inadvertence of contractors Coordinate informations and usage of systems Decision shapers must see betterment of systems as a short term cost with the benefit of nest eggs over clip Develop and organize schemes among all entities involved Develop conformity and moralss control system Re-examine current inducement systems for insurance companies and suppliers Get downing in medical school, educate suppliers about fraud, waste and maltreatment Beginning: www.hcfa.gov/medicare/fraud/summary3.htm

Leadership Management for Individuals- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theLeadership Managementfor Individuals or the Organization. Answer: Leadership is a type of work in an organization which describes both research area and practice skill of an individual or organization to lead the team, individuals, or the organization. Leadership seen from a European and non-academic perspective encompasses a view of a leader who can be moved not only by communitarian goals but also by the search for personal power (Drucker Koontz, 2016). There are many important aspects of the leadership but here in this assignment there is a brief discussion about four of the aspects. They are : self awareness, goal setting and productivity innovation and operation. Self awareness Human beings are the most diverse and complex. So to develop self awareness a person must have the understanding of emotions, habits, personality traits, personal values and the psychological needs. To test the self awareness a person must be aware about his daily habits, strengths, weakness and the areas of improvement (Renz, 2016). Self awareness is an important part of a person because it is the first step to set the goals and also helps in the personality development. Self assessment tool is used to develop self awareness by being aware about the values, principles, assumptions and be able to learn from personal experience. Goal setting and productivity In the leadership practice the setting of goal is the most important thing which specific, defined, achievable and relevant to the goals. These settings of an organization lead to the performance and productivity (Nahavandi, 2016). To test an organizations productivity a leader must had to collect information by accessing the companys production details, and also by interviewing the companys managers. By the help of self assessment tool the setting and productivity of an organization can be managed. There are hundreds of tools and techniques used by the leaders for the improving the productivity of the organization. Goal setting delivers the production of an organization. Innovation Innovation of project can be done by the help of creativity and improvement. Researchers have stated that leadership for innovation is flexible and is open to new ideas. To establish the innovation of an organization, the leader must keep in mind about the strategy, creativity, execution and organizational factors (Long, 2017). Innovative leaders manage the process of innovation. The innovative managers had to analyze various roles such as technical role and research and development in the field of technology or media. These leaders are also responsible for the new developments in areas that help in the development of the organization. The most effective innovation leaders could vividly describe their vision of the future. Operation The operation manager is having his duty to ensure that the system is both efficient and effective. It requires not only the understanding of the goals of the institution but also the information to run an organization successfully (Gruber Wigmore, 2016). The operation have significant effects the small as well as worlds largest companies The operation manager focuses efficiency of workers, quality of the production and supply chain management. Operation management focus on managing the process and distribute the products and services. This operation related activities include managing the purchases, to invent, to check the quality storage, and evaluations. The self assessment tool helps the operation manager to analyze some vital points of an organization. These are decision making, work planning, progress monitoring, team communication and knowledge (McPherson Macnamara, 2017). References Drucker, P., Koontz, H. (2016). Leadership and Management. Leadership. Renz, D. O. (2016). The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. John Wiley Sons. Nahavandi, A. (2016). The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. Long, A. (2017). Leadership and management. ABC of Clinical Leadership, 5. Gruber, P., Wigmore, T. (2016). Leadership and Management. In Handbook of Intensive care: Organization and Management (pp. 3-25). McPherson, L., Macnamara, N. (2017). Leadership and Management. In Supervising Child Protection Practice: What Works? (pp. 47-52). Springer International Publishing.